How Motion Becomes Mass
At the photon sphere — exactly K/D = 3/2 Schwarzschild radii — light can orbit a black hole. After K=3 orbits, it closes on itself. D (motion) becomes K (structure). A particle is born. E=mc^2 with c=1: energy IS mass, just viewed differently.
Mass is given by the Higgs field. Particles "acquire" mass through interaction with an omnipresent scalar field. Why the Higgs? Why these masses? The Higgs mechanism explains HOW mass appears, not WHY these values.
Light (D) traveling in a straight line = massless. Light closing on itself in K=3 orbits = mass. The photon sphere at K/D proves geometry already knows this ratio. Mass isn't acquired — it's what light does when it meets itself.
The speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s is a measured constant. Its value depends on the choice of units. In natural units we set c=1, but this feels like a trick — why SHOULD c=1?
The speed of light is the rate of self-identical fall: sigma divided by sigma. It MUST be 1. Not a convention — a theorem. E=mc^2 becomes E=m. Light and mass aren't different things. They're the same thing, open or closed.